Mu rwego rw'inganda zigezweho muri iki gihe, umusaruro waimiyoboro ya polyethylene (PE) ifite umwanya ukomeye cyane. Byaba ari mu miyoboro y'amazi yo mu mijyi, imiyoboro ikwirakwiza gaze, kuhira mu buhinzi, cyangwa mu miyoboro itandukanye mu mishinga y'ubwubatsi, imiyoboro ya PE ikundwa cyane kubera imikorere yayo myiza no gukoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse. None se, imiyoboro ya polyethylene ikorwa ite? Uyu munsi, reka twige byinshi kuri inganda zikora imiyoboro ya pulasitiki hamwe kugira ngo zisuzumire amayobera ari inyuma y'iyi gahunda yo kuyikora.
I. Intangiriro: Ibintu by'ingenzi n'intambwe z'ingenzi muriUmusaruro w'imiyoboro ya PE
Ishingiro ry'umuyoboro wa PE n'umusaruro w'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibintu riri mu gushyushya, gushonga, kuvanga ibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma bikajyanwa mu ishusho runaka, hagakurikiraho kugumana iyo shusho mu gihe cyo gukonjesha. Izi ntambwe ni ingenzi mu gukora imiyoboro ikomeye yo ku nkuta, imiyoboro y'inkuta, ndetse no gukanda no gushyiramo ibikoresho bikozwe mu buryo buhanitse. Muri ubu buryo bugoye kandi bworoshye bwo gukora, umuyoboro usohora ibintu ufite uruhare runini. Umuyoboro usohora ibintu umeze nk'umunyabukorikori w'umuhanga cyane, ugenda utunganya ibikoresho fatizo nka polyethylene resin mu ishusho y'imiyoboro yujuje ibisabwa.
Mu Bushinwa, nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’iterambere, inganda zikora ibikoresho byo gusohora pulasitiki zabonye iterambere ry’ibigo byinshi bikomeye, biba imbaraga zikomeye mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo gusohora pulasitiki ku isi. Inganda zizwi cyane zo mu Bushinwa zikora ibikoresho byo gusohora pulasitiki, nka Blesson, zifite ibikoresho byazo byo gusohora pulasitiki kandi zibishyigikira.Imiyoboro yo gukora imiyoboro ya PE ikoreshwa cyane haba ku masoko yo mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Izi nganda ntizifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora gusa, ahubwo zinashora imari mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere no guhanga udushya, ziharanira guha ibigo bitunganya imiyoboro ya pulasitiki ibikoresho byiza, bihamye kandi by’ubwenge mu gukora.
II. Uburyo burambuye bwo gukora imiyoboro ya PE
1. Icyiciro cyo gutegura ibikoresho fatizo
Intambwe ya mbere mu gukora imiyoboro ya PE ni uguhitamo no gutegura neza ibikoresho fatizo. Irangi rya polyethylene ni ryo rigize igice cy'ingenzi, kandi ubwiza n'imikorere yaryo bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'imiyoboro ya nyuma. Irangi rya polyethylene ryiza cyane rifite ubushobozi bwo kudahungabana, rirwanya ingese, kandi rifite imbaraga za mekanike. Muri iki cyiciro, ibikoresho fatizo bigenzurwa neza kugira ngo harebwe ko ibipimo byabyo byose byujuje ibisabwa mu gukora.
2. Uburyo bwo gutunganya igice cy'ingenzi cya Extruder
(1) Gushyushya no gushonga
Uruzingo rw'icyuma gishyushya ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu gikorwa cyose cyo gushyushya no gushonga. Iyo ibikoresho fatizo byinjiye mu mwobo w'icyuma gishyushya, uruzingo rutangira kuzunguruka munsi y'umuyoboro wa moteri. Inyuma y'umubobo rufite sisitemu yo gushyushya igezweho ishobora kugenzura neza ubushyuhe buri mu mwobo. Uko uruzingo ruzunguruka, ibikoresho fatizo bikomeza gusunikwa imbere mu mwobo. Hagati aho, bitewe n'imbaraga zikomeye zo gukata no gukururana, bishyuha buhoro buhoro bigashonga bigashonga kimwe. Iyi nzira isaba kugenzura ubushyuhe neza n'umuvuduko uhamye wo guhindagurika kwa uruzingo kugira ngo ibikoresho fatizo bishonge neza kandi ubwiza bw'uruzingo bube bumwe.
(2) Kuvanga no gushyira pulasitiki mu buryo bwa pulasitiki
Mu gihe cyo gushonga, icyuma gisohora amazi gifata inshingano zo kuvanga neza inyongera zitandukanye n'icyuma gishonga cya polyethylene. Imiterere yihariye y'icyuma gisohora amazi, nk'imiterere n'uburyo insinga zikwirakwira mu gice cyo kuvanga, bituma inyongera zikwirakwira neza mu gice cyo kuvanga. Ubu buryo bwo kuvanga no gushyira pulasitiki mu buryo bungana bufite akamaro kanini mu kunoza imikorere y'imiyoboro. Gushonga bivanze neza bishobora kwemeza ko imiyoboro ifite imiterere ihamye mu gice cyose kandi birinda inenge cyangwa itandukaniro ry'imikorere. Urugero, inyongera zikorwa naBlesson ifite imiterere y’utuzu twakoreweho ubushakashatsi bwinshi no kunoza, bigatuma habaho ingaruka nziza zo kuvanga no gushyira pulasitiki mu buryo bunoze kandi bigatanga PE melt nziza cyane.
(3) Gutanga no Gushushanya
Ishonga yuzuye kandi ya pulasitiki ikomeza gusunikwa imbere n'urushundura hanyuma ikanyura mu cyuma kiri ku mutwe w'icyuma gisohora amazi. Iyo ishonga inyuze mu cyuma, iba ifite igitutu runaka, bigatuma ifata neza urukuta rw'imbere rw'icyuma, bityo ikaba itangiye gukora imiterere y'umuyoboro. Muri iki gihe, umuyoboro uba ukiri mu bushyuhe bwinshi kandi ukeneye ubundi buryo bwo kuwutunganya kugira ngo ugorore imiterere yawo kandi unoze imikorere yawo.
3. Icyiciro cyo gukonjesha no gushushanya
Umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe bwinshi uva mu cyuma uhita winjira muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Gukonjesha amazi bishobora gukuraho ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro vuba, bigatuma ukonja no gukomera vuba. Amazi ari muikigega gikonjesha izakomeza kuzenguruka kugira ngo ikomeze gukonjesha neza. Kugenzura neza umuvuduko wo gukonjesha n'igihe cyo gukonjesha ni ingenzi cyane. Gukonjesha vuba cyane bishobora gutera stress imbere mu muyoboro, bigagira ingaruka ku mikorere yawo igihe kirekire; gukonjesha buhoro cyane bigabanya umusaruro.
4. Gutwara n'icyiciro cyo gukata
Nyuma yo gukonjesha, umuyoboro uba ufite ubukana n'imbaraga runaka, ariko ugomba kuguma mu buryo buhamye bwo kugenda mu murongo ugororotse binyuze mui icyuma cyo gutwara ibintu. Mu guhindura umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka n'imbaraga zo gukurura kw'amapine yo gukurura, umuvuduko wo gusohora n'ubugari bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro birashobora kugenzurwa. Iyo umuyoboro ugeze ku burebure bwagenwe, igikoresho cyo gukata kizawuca. Ubuhanga n'imikorere myiza ya icyuma gikata bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'umusaruro n'umusaruro w'umuyoboro.
5. Icyiciro cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge n'uburyo bwo gupakira
Imiyoboro ya PE yakozwe ntabwo yinjira ku isoko mu buryo butaziguye ariko igomba kugenzurwa cyane. Ibikoresho byo kugenzura birimo ubwiza bw'imiyoboro, nko kumenya niba hari imiyoboro, uduheri, iminkanyari, n'ibindi bidafite aho bihuriye; uburyo bwo gusuzuma imiterere yayo, nk'umurambararo w'inyuma, ubugari bw'urukuta, n'uburebure, kugira ngo harebwe niba yujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe; n'ibizamini by'imiterere y'ibintu, nk'imbaraga zo gukurura, uburebure bw'aho ivunitse, n'imbaraga za hydrostatic.
III. Imiterere n'iterambere ry'inganda zo gusohora imiyoboro ya pulasitiki mu Bushinwa muri iki gihe
Nk’igihugu gikomeye ku isi mu nganda, Ubushinwa bwageze ku bikorwa bitangaje mu nganda zikora imiyoboro ya pulasitiki. Inganda nyinshi z’Abashinwa zikora imiyoboro ya pulasitiki zakomeje kunoza urwego rwazo rw’ikoranabuhanga n’ubushobozi bwo kuyikora, zitanga umubare munini w’imiyoboro ya pulasitiki n’imiyoboro ikora imiyoboro myiza ku masoko yo mu gihugu no mu mahanga.
KujyanaBlesson Urugero, nk'uruganda ruzwi cyane rw'Abashinwa rukora ibikoresho byo gusohora ibikoresho, rwashoye imari nyinshi mu bushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga. Iyi sosiyete ifite itsinda ry'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rihora rishakisha ikoranabuhanga rishya n'imikorere yaryo.
Byongeye kandi, hamwe no gukomeza kunoza ubukangurambaga mu kurengera ibidukikije no kwiyongera k'ubusabe bw'imiyoboro ikora neza ku isoko, inganda zo mu Bushinwa zikora imiyoboro ya pulasitiki nazo zihora zihanga udushya kandi zihindura ibintu. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibigo byibanda cyane ku kurengera ibidukikije no ku bidukikije mu guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo, bikora ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwimbitse no guteza imbere ibikoresho bya polyethylene bishobora kwangirika cyangwa bigakoresha ibikoresho byasubiwemo mu gukora kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka ku bidukikije. Ku rundi ruhande, mu rwego rwo kunoza imikorere y'imiyoboro, ubwoko bushya bw'imiyoboro ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya umuvuduko mwinshi, kurwanya ingese, no kurwanya ikirere bukomeje guterwa imbere kugira ngo buhuze n'ibisabwa byihariye by'imishinga nk'imishinga yo kohereza peteroli na gaze mu nyanja nini n'imiyoboro mu turere dufite ikirere gishyushye.
Mu gihe kizaza, inganda zo mu Bushinwa zikora imiyoboro ya pulasitiki zitezweho gukomeza kugira icyerekezo cyiza cy’iterambere. Hamwe no gushyira mu bikorwa byimbitse ingamba za "Made in China 2025", uru rwego ruzakomeza gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cy’ubuhanga, ibidukikije, n’ibigezweho. Iterambere rigezweho rizateza imbere iterambere rirambye ry’ibikoresho byo mu Bushinwa byo gukora imiyoboro ya pulasitiki ku isoko mpuzamahanga, bitume rushobora guhangana cyane n’ibirango mpuzamahanga bizwi kandi bigere ku ntambwe zikomeye mu nzego zimwe na zimwe zigezweho.
Muri make, gukora imiyoboro ya polyethylene ni inzira igoranye irimo ikoranabuhanga n'amahuriro menshi. Inganda zo gusohora imiyoboro ya pulasitiki mu Bushinwa zimaze kugera ku bikorwa bitangaje muri uru rwego kandi zifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere. Kuva ku gutegura neza ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku gutunganya neza hakoreshejwe icyuma gisohora imiyoboro, hanyuma kugeza ku gukonjesha no gutunganya,gutwara no gukata, ndetse no kugenzura neza ubuziranenge no gupakira, buri huza rigaragaza ubwenge n'imbaraga z'abakora mu nganda. Bitewe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga n'impinduka zihoraho mu gukenera isoko, dufite impamvu zo kwizera ko gukora imiyoboro ya PE bizatanga ibisubizo by'imiyoboro myiza kandi yizewe cyane mu bwubatsi bw'ibikorwa remezo ku isi no guteza imbere inganda mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-29-2024